DeadWhip

Laboulbeniomycetes

2005-04-05T05:37:00.000-07:00

Group of fungi (division Mycota) in the class Ascomycetes. It includes more than 1,500 species, which live off the chitin (exoskeleton) of arachnids (e.g., spiders) and insects. The minute species are highly specialized, some attacking only specific areas on one sex of the host species. Asexual reproduction does not occur.

Anatoli, Jacob

2005-04-04T04:07:00.000-07:00

Anatoli was especially interested in the works of the 12th-century Arab physician Averroës' and translated some of them from the Arabic. Anatoli probably shared Averroës belief that religion and philosophy move in similar directions, even though they are outwardly different in many respects,

Adams, John, Adams's writings

2005-04-03T10:49:00.000-07:00

Other pieces of the massive Adams correspondence include: Charles Francis Adams (ed.), Letters of John Adams, Addressed to His Wife, 2 vol. (1841, reissued 1965); Alexander Biddle et al., Old Family Letters, 2 vol. (1892); Worthington Chauncey Ford (ed.), Statesman and Friend: Correspondence of John Adams with Benjamin Waterhouse, 1784–1822 (1927); Lester J. Cappon (ed.), The Adams-Jefferson Letters, 2 vol. (1959, reprinted in 1 vol., 1988); John A. Schutz and Douglass Adair (eds.), The Spur of Fame: Dialogues of John Adams and Benjamin Rush, 1805–1813 (1966, reissued 1980).

Side

2005-04-03T07:18:00.000-07:00

Modern Selimiye principal city and port of ancient Pamphylia, originally situated on the Mediterranean coast west of the mouth of the Manavgat River, in southwestern Turkey. (The site is now inland.) Though the city was founded by Aeolian Greeks, a peculiar non-Greek language was spoken there. Having a good natural harbour and two artificial harbours for larger vessels, it was the most

Mondego River

2005-04-01T18:38:00.000-08:00

Portuguese Rio Mondego, largest of the exclusively Portuguese rivers, rising at 4,675 feet (1,425 m) on the northern slopes of Mount Estrela and flowing southwestward for 137 miles (220 km) to the Atlantic Ocean. It has a drainage basin of 2,615 square miles (6,772 square km). A sandbar prohibits navigation above Figueira da Foz, though small craft can sail 52 miles (84 km) upstream to Foz Dão; the river is tidal to Montemor-o-Velho (12 miles

Hungary, The Kádár regime

2005-04-01T11:05:00.000-08:00

In the first uncertain weeks of his regime Kádár made many promises. Workers' councils were to be given a large amount of control in the factories and mines. Compulsory deliveries of farm produce were to be abolished, and no compulsion, direct or indirect, was to be put on the peasants to enter the collectives. The five-year plan was to be revised to permit more production

Wali Allah, Shah

2005-03-29T01:45:00.000-08:00

Wali Allah received a traditional Islamic education from his father and is said to have memorized the Qur'an at the age of seven. In 1732 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca, and he then remained in the Hejaz (now in Saudi Arabia) to

Stefánsson, Davíd

2005-03-28T10:39:00.000-08:00

Stefánsson came of a cultured yeoman family and was brought up with a love for his homeland, its literature, and its folklore. He frequently journeyed abroad but lived most of his life in the town of Akureyri, where he was a librarian (1925–52). He wrote a powerful

Hancock, Thomas

2005-03-27T22:37:00.000-08:00

English inventor and manufacturer who founded the British rubber industry. His chief invention, the “masticator,” worked rubber scraps into a shredded mass of rubber that could be formed into blocks or rolled into sheets. This process, perfected in 1821, led to a partnership with the Scottish chemist and inventor of waterproof

Cyrillic Alphabet

2005-03-26T06:08:00.000-08:00

Writing system developed in the 9th–10th century AD for Slavic-speaking peoples of the Eastern Orthodox faith; it is the alphabet currently used for Russian and other languages of the republics that once formed the Soviet Union and for Bulgarian and Serbian. Based on the medieval Greek uncial script, the Cyrillic alphabet was probably invented by later followers of

Aguán River

2005-03-25T14:27:00.000-08:00

Spanish Río Aguán, river in northern Honduras, 150 mi (240 km) in length. After rising in the central highlands west of Yoro, it descends to the northeast between the Cerros de Cangreja and the Sierra de la Esperanza to the coastal lowlands, on which it forms a maze of channels and empties into the Caribbean Sea near the towns of Santa Rosa de Aguán and Limón. The lands along the river, although periodically

Genetic Disease, Human

2005-03-24T22:55:00.000-08:00

Most imbalances involving autosomes

Quadrilateral

2005-03-24T10:48:00.000-08:00

Famous combination of four fortresses mutually supporting one another, during the Austrian rule of northern Italy. The four fortified towns were Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and Legnago, lying between Lombardy and Venetia; the former two were on the Mincio and the latter two on the Adige. The real value of the Quadrilateral, which gave Austria such a firm hold on Lombardy,

Wells, H(erbert) G(eorge)

2005-03-23T19:03:00.000-08:00

English novelist, journalist, sociologist, and historian, best known for such science fiction as The Time Machine and The War of the Worlds and such comic novels as Tono-Bungay and The History of Mr. Polly.

Hvar

2005-03-22T19:22:00.000-08:00

Italian Lesina island in the Adriatic Sea, part of Croatia. At 116 square miles (300 square km) in area and 43 miles (69 km) in length, it is the longest island in the Adriatic. A rocky island, it reaches 2,054 feet (626 m) in elevation at Mount Sveti Nikola and is separated from the island of Brac by a narrow channel. The Mediterranean climate is favourable to the production of various fruits, honey, lavender, rosemary,

China, Foreign relations

2005-03-21T18:44:00.000-08:00

The Manchu inherited the tributary system of foreign relations from previous dynasties. This system assumed that China was culturally and materially superior to all other nations, and it required those who wished to trade and deal with China to come as vassals to the emperor, who was the ruler of “all under Heaven.” The tributary system was used by the Ch'ing Board of

Backbone Mountain

2005-03-21T14:32:00.000-08:00

Highest point in Maryland, U.S., reaching an elevation of 3,360 feet (1,024 metres). It is located on a ridge of the Allegheny and Appalachian mountains, located in Garrett county 12 miles (19 km) south of Oakland. The ridge is 35 miles (56 km) long and extends southwestward into Preston and Tucker counties of West Virginia.

Sosnowiec

2005-03-20T08:02:00.000-08:00

A castle was built in Sosnowiec in

Cambridge

2005-03-20T06:37:00.000-08:00

City (district), administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire, England, home of the internationally known University of Cambridge. The city lies immediately south of the fen country (a flat alluvial region only slightly above sea level) and is itself only 20 to 80 feet (6 to 24 metres) above sea level. Most of the city is built on the east bank of the River Cam, a tributary

Madagascar, Settlement patterns

2005-03-19T22:58:00.000-08:00

Despite the importance of intensive rice cultivation, the land is used primarily for pastoral purposes. Cattle are kept in all parts of the island. Fewer are found in the dense forest areas of the eastern escarpment, but elsewhere pastoralism predominates, most often coexisting with the cultivation of subsistence crops. On the plateau, the valley floors and irrigable

Blood River, Battle Of

2005-03-18T13:57:00.000-08:00

(Dec. 16, 1838), South African battle between the Zulu and the Voortrekkers (the Boers who made the Great Trek from Cape Colony to Transvaal). It was fought on the banks of a tributary of the Buffalo River, which became known as Blood River after its water reddened with the slaughter of about 3,000 Zulu. Four Boers were wounded. This battle turned Voortrekker fortunes in Natal, at a low ebb

Bruch, Max

2005-03-18T07:18:00.000-08:00

At 14 Bruch wrote a symphony and won a scholarship enabling him to study at Cologne. His first opera, Scherz, List und Rache (Jest, Deceit, and Revenge, text adapted from a work by Goethe), was performed in 1858. He conducted orchestral and choral

Nahuan Languages

2005-03-17T01:01:00.000-08:00

Subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan languages, including Pochutec, Nahua, and Pipil; they are sometimes considered a subfamily coordinate with Shoshonean and Sonoran, and sometimes included in the Sonoran subfamily. The languages are spoken throughout southern Mexico and Central America.

Philip

2005-03-16T07:24:00.000-08:00

The youngest son of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip was destined for the church. After being provost of the cathedral at Aachen, he was, in 1190 or 1191, elected bishop of Würzburg. Shortly after the death of his brother Frederick

San Andrés Y Providencia

2005-03-15T20:21:00.000-08:00

Island departamento, Colombia, consisting of the Andrés and Providencia islands and several small keys in the Caribbean Sea, 440 miles (710 km) northwest of Cartagena, Colom., and 110 miles (180 km) off the coast of Nicaragua. Three of the keys are also claimed by the United States. The islands were settled in 1629 by English Puritans and later by planters, woodcutters, and black slaves from

Mammal, Social behavior

2005-03-15T06:49:00.000-08:00

The dependence of the young mammal on its mother for nourishment has made possible a period of training. Such training permits the nongenetic transfer of information between generations. The ability of young mammals to learn from the experience of their elders has allowed a behavioral plasticity unknown in any other group of organisms and has been a primary

Azare

2005-03-13T20:07:00.000-08:00

Town and traditional emirate, Bauchi state, northeastern Nigeria, located in the northern extension of the state. The town and emirate are peopled by the Hausa, Fulani, and Beriberi, who are predominantly Muslim. The first prime minister of Nigeria, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, was born in the emirate. The area is chiefly agricultural, the principal crops consisting

Swazi

2005-03-13T16:34:00.000-08:00

Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the tree-studded grasslands of Swaziland, the neighbouring Eastern Transvaal province of South Africa, and Mozambique. The Swazi, who are chiefly agriculturists and pastoralists, numbered about 1,810,000 in the late 20th century. The language of the Swazi, called Swati or Swazi, belongs to the Benue-Congo group of the Niger-Congo languages;

Wang Chen

2005-03-13T05:27:00.000-08:00

Wang was denounced by later historians as the first of a series of eunuchs whose mismanagement helped destroy the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Wang was the constant companion and personal servant of the emperor Cheng-t'ung, who ascended the throne while still a boy. Isolated from

China, The armed forces

2005-03-12T19:01:00.000-08:00

The command of the armed forces was also arranged so as to avoid giving excessive powers to a single individual. General officers were usually appointed in pairs, and, in times of emergency or when a campaign was being planned with a defined objective, officers were appointed for a specific task; when their mission was fulfilled, their commands were brought to a close.

Black Hole Of Calcutta

2005-03-11T03:09:00.000-08:00

Scene of an incident (June 20, 1756) in which the remaining European defenders of Calcutta were shut away and many died, following the capture of the city by the nawab Siraj-ud-Dawlah, of Bengal, and the surrender of the East India Company's garrison under a member of the council, John Z. Holwell. The incident became a cause célèbre in the idealization of British imperialism in India

Shigella

2005-03-10T22:26:00.000-08:00

Genus of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae, species of which are normal inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and can cause dysentery, or shigellosis. Shigella are microbiologically characterized as gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria. Their cells are 0.4 to 0.6 micrometre across by 1 to 3 micrometres long. S. dysenteriae, spread

Springfield, Dusty

2005-03-10T14:18:00.000-08:00

British pop singer who in the 1960s recorded such hits as “I Only Want to Be with You,” “Wishin' and Hopin',” “The Look of Love,” “You Don't Have to Say You Love Me,” and “Son of a Preacher Man”; she was appointed O.B.E. in 1999 and was admitted posthumously into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (b. April 16, 1939, London, Eng.—d. March 2, 1999, Henley-on-Thames, Eng.).

Price, Thomas

2005-03-09T06:47:00.000-08:00

A stonecutter in England, Price emigrated to South Australia in 1883, continued his trade, and served as secretary of the masons and bricklayers union (1891–93). At one time he worked in

Diffraction

2005-03-08T10:13:00.000-08:00

The spreading of waves around obstacles. Diffraction takes place with sound; with electromagnetic radiation, such as light, X-rays, and gamma rays; and with very small moving particles such as atoms, neutrons, and electrons, which show wavelike properties. One consequence of diffraction is that sharp shadows are not produced. The phenomenon is the result of interference

Daddah, Moktar Ould

2005-03-07T14:00:00.000-08:00

Of aristocratic background, Moktar Ould Daddah was the first Mauritanian to graduate

Süssmayr, Franz Xaver

2005-03-07T08:41:00.000-08:00

Süssmayr was educated at Kremsmünster, a monastery school. In 1788 he settled in Vienna and became a music teacher. He became acquainted with Mozart in 1790/91 and sometimes collaborated with him. From 1792 to 1794 Süssmayr

Aum Shinrikyo

2005-03-06T19:14:00.000-08:00

A useful introduction to the sect can be found in Ian Reader, A Poisonous Cocktail?: Aum Shinrikyo's Path to Violence (1996).

Dyson, Freeman (john)

2005-03-06T02:43:00.000-08:00

The son of a musician and composer, Dyson was educated at the University of Cambridge. As a teenager he developed a passion for mathematics, but his studies at Cambridge were interrupted in 1943, when he served in the Royal Air Force Bomber Command.

Albert Of Aix

2005-03-05T00:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Albert of Aachen , Latin Albericus Aquensis canon of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) and historian of the First Crusade. He gathered oral and written testaments of participants in the Crusade and provided a chronicle on the subject, the Historia expeditionis Hierosolymitanae (“History of the Expedition to Jerusalem”). His work remains an important source on the First Crusade and the history of the kingdom

Akutagawa Ryunosuke

2005-03-03T13:11:00.000-08:00

As a boy Akutagawa was sickly and hypersensitive, but he excelled at school and was a voracious reader. He began his literary career while attending Tokyo Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo), where he studied English literature from

Cost

2005-03-03T09:50:00.000-08:00

In common usage, the monetary value of goods and services that producers and consumers purchase. In a basic economic sense cost is the measure of the alternative opportunities foregone in the choice of one good or activity over others. This fundamental cost is usually referred to as opportunity cost. For a consumer with a fixed income, the opportunity cost of purchasing

Socialist Party

2005-03-01T16:58:00.000-08:00

Socialism in France dates back to such Revolutionary figures as Jacques-René Hébert and François-Noël Babeuf and had an illustrious history in the 19th century with such writers and theorists as the Count de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Auguste Blanqui, and Louis Blanc.

Libraries And Museums

2005-03-01T02:08:00.000-08:00

Earlier in the year the International Council

Esslingen

2005-02-28T15:23:00.000-08:00

On a commanding height above the city stands the old citadel, and in the inner

Denishawn School Of Dancing And Related Arts

2005-02-28T07:23:00.000-08:00

Dance school and company founded in 1915 by Ruth St. Denis and her husband, Ted Shawn. Considered a fountainhead of American modern dance, the Denishawn organization systematically promoted nonballetic dance movement and fostered such leading modern dancers as Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Charles Weidman. Because St. Denis and Shawn believed that all dance techniques

Melbourne

2005-02-27T02:00:00.000-08:00

City, capital of the state of Victoria, Australia. It is located at the head of Port Phillip Bay, on the southeastern coast. Although the central city is the home of fewer than 100,000 people, it is the core of an extensive metropolitan area—the world's most southerly with a population of more than 1,000,000. In Australia it is second only to Sydney in population, and there is a good-natured

Ovary

2005-02-26T03:45:00.000-08:00

A simple or unicarpellate ovary is formed from a single carpel, an evolutionarily modified leaf. It has one chamber (locule), within

Plücker, Julius

2005-02-25T13:18:00.000-08:00

Plücker attended the universities in Heidelberg, Bonn, Berlin, and Paris. In 1829, after four years as an unsalaried lecturer, he became a professor at the University of Bonn, where

Wanganui River

2005-02-25T13:09:00.000-08:00

River in central North Island, New Zealand. It rises on the western slopes of Mount Ngauruhoe and flows northwest to Taumarunui and then south to empty into the Tasman Sea at South Taranaki Bight. Draining a basin of 2,850 square miles (7,380 square km), the Wanganui, 180 miles (290 km) long, is fed by the Ongarue, Tangarakau, and Ohura rivers. A sandbar at its mouth, near Wanganui city, blocks the

Leviticus

2005-02-25T09:25:00.000-08:00

Hebrew Wayiqra ' (And He Called), the third book of the Latin Vulgate Bible, the name of which designates its contents as a book (or manual) primarily concerned with the priests and their duties. Although Leviticus is basically a book of laws, it also contains some narrative (chapters 8–9, 10:1–7, 10:16–20, and 24:10–14). The book is usually divided into five parts: sacrificial laws (chapters 1–7); the inauguration of the priesthood

Dog, Jackals

2005-02-24T13:30:00.000-08:00

There has been some disagreement over the years about whether the jackal is a true canid, but the four known varieties are now thought to be part of the same genus. Jackals are native from southeastern Europe into southern Asia, India, and Africa. The best-known variety is the golden jackal, which is a shimmery rust-gold in colour. Jackals are fleet-footed

Nova Scotia

2005-02-24T11:15:00.000-08:00

Canadian province, one of the four British colonies federated into the Dominion of Canada in 1867. It comprises the peninsula of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island (separated from the mainland to the southwest by the narrow Strait of Canso), and a number of small adjacent islands. The total area is 21,425 square miles (55,490 square kilometres). Along the 17-mile- (27-kilometre-) wide Chignecto

Fairbairn, Stephen

2005-02-23T23:51:00.000-08:00

As a coach at Cambridge

Nicholas Of Lyra,

2005-02-23T05:03:00.000-08:00

Becoming a Franciscan c. 1300, by 1309 Nicholas was a professor at the Sorbonne, where he taught for many years. From 1319 he headed the Franciscans in France and in 1325 founded the College

Ram Singh

2005-02-22T08:49:00.000-08:00

Ram Singh was born into a respected small-farming family. As a young man, Ram Singh became a disciple of Balak Singh, the founder of the austere Namdhari movement, from whom he learned

Buzzati, Dino

2005-02-21T20:29:00.000-08:00

Buzzati began his career on the Milan daily Corriere della Sera in 1928. His two novels of the mountains, written in the style of traditional realism, Barnabò delle montagne (1933; “Barnabus of the Mountains”) and Il segreto del bosco

Arts, Central Asian, Arctic regions

2005-02-21T19:50:00.000-08:00

In the arctic zone of Central Asia, the prehistoric age extends from the 3rd millennium BC to the arrival of Europeans around AD 1800. Knowledge of the region's arts is still very limited, for it is wholly dependent upon the sculptures produced by Eskimos living on the shores and in the hinterland of Siberia and the Bering Strait. These sculptures are mostly in walrus tusk, though

Gharbiyah, Al-

2005-02-21T07:34:00.000-08:00

Muhafazah (governorate) in the middle Nile Delta, Lower Egypt, bounded on the east and west by the Damietta and the Rosetta branches of the Nile, on the north by Kafr ash-Shaykh muhafazah, and by al-Minufiyah muhafazah to the south. Its area is 750 square miles (1,942 square km); the muhafazah's capital has been at the cultural centre and transportation node of Tanta (q.v.) since 1836. An administrative unit named

Dragonfish

2005-02-20T07:20:00.000-08:00

Also called sea moth any of about five species of small marine fishes comprising the family Pegasidae and the order Pegasiformes. Dragonfish are found in warm Indo-Pacific waters. They are small (to about 16 centimetres [6 1/2 inches] long), elongated fish encased in bony rings of armour. The armour is fused on the head and body but not on the tail, which is thus flexible. The pectoral

Ram Singh

2005-02-19T20:54:00.000-08:00

The gray whale attains a maximum length of about 15 metres (49 feet). It is gray or black, mottled with white, and has short yellow baleen with coarse bristles. There are two (rarely more) lengthwise grooves on its throat. Instead of

Gadara

2005-02-19T05:58:00.000-08:00

Modern Umm Qays ancient city of Palestine, a member of the Decapolis, located just southeast of the Sea of Galilee in Jordan. Gadara first appeared in history when it fell to the Seleucid Antiochus the Great (218 BC); the Jewish king Alexander Jannaeus took it after 10 months' siege (c. 100 BC). It was restored by the Roman general Pompey, and Augustus gave it to Herod the Great (30 BC). Archaeological remains include

Salamá

2005-02-19T03:56:00.000-08:00

City, central Guatemala. It lies between the Chuacús Mountains and the Minas Mountains on the Salamá River, a tributary of the Chixoy, at 3,084 feet (940 m) above sea level. Salamá is a commercial and manufacturing centre for its agricultural and pastoral hinterland. The city suffered serious damage from an earthquake in 1976. Salamá is accessible by road from San Cristóbal Verapaz

Olmedo, José Joaquín

2005-02-18T15:34:00.000-08:00

Poet and statesman whose odes commemorating South America's achievement of independence from Spain captured the revolutionary spirit of his time and inspired a generation of Romantic poets and patriots. They have remained monuments to the heroic figures of the liberation movement in South

Dendrobium

2005-02-18T05:26:00.000-08:00

Genus of as many as 1,500 species of orchids that grow on other plants and are native to tropical and subtropical Asia, many Pacific islands, and Australia. Some species have small, pale flowers; others have large, showy ones. The flowers may be borne singly, in groups, or on arching spikes. The lateral sepals of all Dendrobium flowers are joined at the base, forming

Switzerland, Precipitation

2005-02-17T17:07:00.000-08:00

Since rainfall tends to increase in direct proportion to altitude, the precipitation map corresponds very closely to the relief map; and, because of the marked variation in reliefs, differences in precipitation within short linear distances are often very great. For example, St. Gall (Sankt Gallen), at 2,556 feet, has an average annual precipitation of 52 inches (1,318 mm), while that

Ustaa

2005-02-17T07:15:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ustasha , plural Ustaše Croatian fascist movement that nominally ruled the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. In 1929, when King Alexander I tried to suppress the conflict between Croatian and Serbian political parties by imposing a personal dictatorial regime in Yugoslavia, Ante Pavelic, a former delegate to Parliament and an advocate of Croatian separatism, fled to Italy

Nervous System Disease, Nerve injuries

2005-02-16T05:40:00.000-08:00

Nerve injuries function as neuronal neuropathies affecting the axon far from the cell body. Injuries are of three main grades of severity. In neurapraxia there is temporary blockage of impulse conduction, although the axons remain intact. More severe stretch or incision damage interrupts some axons and is called axonotmesis. Injury that actually severs the

Bohemond Iii

2005-02-15T15:17:00.000-08:00

The son of Constance (daughter of Bohemond II) by her first husband, Raymond of Poitiers, he succeeded to the principality upon attaining his majority and then exiled his mother. In the following year (1164) he suffered defeat and was captured by the Muslims. It was the influence of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus that secured Bohemond's early

Byblos

2005-02-15T07:00:00.000-08:00

Modern Jubayl , also spelled Jebeil , biblical Gebal ancient seaport, the site of which is located on the Mediterranean coast about 20 miles (32 km) north of the modern city of Beirut, Lebanon; it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in the world. The name Byblos is Greek; papyrus received its early Greek name (byblos, byblinos) from its being exported to the Aegean through Byblos. Hence the English word Bible is derived

Ramanuja

2005-02-15T02:47:00.000-08:00

Also called Ramanujacarya, or Ilaiya Perumal (Tamil: Ageless Perumal [God]) South Indian Brahman theologian and philosopher, the single most influential thinker of devotional Hinduism. After a long pilgrimage, Ramanuja settled in Srirangam, where he organized temple worship and founded centres to disseminate his doctrine of devotion to the god Vishnu and his consort Sri. He provided an intellectual basis for the practice

Gruen, Victor

2005-02-14T21:46:00.000-08:00

Gruen received his architectural training at the Technological Institute and Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, and worked under

Arval Brothers

2005-02-14T16:21:00.000-08:00

Latin Fratres Arvales, in ancient Rome, college or priesthood whose chief original duty was to offer annual public sacrifice for the fertility of the fields. The brotherhood, probably of great antiquity, was almost forgotten in republican times but was revived by Augustus and probably lasted until the time of Theodosius I. It consisted of 12 members, elected for life from the highest ranks,

Minbu

2005-02-13T17:22:00.000-08:00

Although much of the surrounding land is semidesert scrub forming part of Myanmar's dry zone, large areas around Minbu are

López Michelsen, Alfonso

2005-02-13T04:08:00.000-08:00

The son of Alfonso López Pumarejo, who was twice president of Colombia (1934–38 and 1942–45), López Michelsen was educated in Bogotá, Paris, London, and Brussels, with postgraduate studies at Georgetown University and the University of Chile. Returning to Colombia from voluntary exile in Mexico in 1958, he organized a new party of dissident Liberals, the

Madagascar, Relief

2005-02-12T05:01:00.000-08:00

Situated between 2,500 and 4,500 feet (800 and 1,400 metres) above sea level, the plateau has been uplifted and worn down several times and is tilted to the west. Three massifs are more than 8,500 feet high. The Tsaratanana region in the

Arecidae

2005-02-12T03:45:00.000-08:00

Subclass of flowering plants belonging to the class Liliopsida.

Wrought Iron

2005-02-11T20:20:00.000-08:00

One of the two forms in which iron is obtained by smelting; the other is cast iron (q.v.). Wrought iron is a soft, ductile, fibrous variety that is produced from a semifused mass of relatively pure iron globules partially surrounded by slag. It usually contains less than 0.1 percent carbon and 1 or 2 percent slag. It is superior for most purposes to cast iron, which is overly hard and

Shilling Shocker

2005-02-11T05:19:00.000-08:00

A novel of crime or violence especially popular in late Victorian England and originally costing one shilling. Shilling shockers were usually characterized by sensational incidents and lurid writing. Compare dime novel; penny dreadful.

Felling

2005-02-10T18:33:00.000-08:00

Town, Gateshead metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Tyne. The town grew rapidly at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century with the extension of coal mining and later with the expansion of riverside industries such as shipbuilding and the manufacture of glass and heavy chemicals. New

Bahía Blanca

2005-02-10T02:34:00.000-08:00

Explorers in the 18th century named the area Bahía Blanca (“White Bay”), but the settlement that grew up around a military outpost,

Wellesz, Egon (joseph)

2005-02-10T00:19:00.000-08:00

A pupil of Guido Adler in musicology and of Arnold Schoenberg in composition, Wellesz taught at the University of Vienna (1930–38) before settling in England (1939), where he became an influential teacher at the University of Oxford. His scholarly

Florencia

2005-02-09T15:03:00.000-08:00

Capital of Caquetá department, southeastern Colombia, in the eastern slopes of the Andean Cordillera (mountains) Oriental, on the Río Orteguaza, a tributary of the Caquetá. It was founded in 1908 by Capuchin missionaries. Cattle raising and rice cultivation are widespread around Florencia. The city also serves as a trading centre for the densely forested lowlands to

Mercy, Franz, Freiherr Von

2005-02-08T20:07:00.000-08:00

Mercy entered the Austrian army around 1606. Wounded in the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631), he made his name in the five-month defense of Rheinfelden (1634) against the formidable Bernhard

Laird, Macgregor

2005-02-07T04:20:00.000-08:00

In 1832 Laird accompanied his Liverpool firm's expedition, commanded by the Cornish explorer Richard Lander, to the delta of the Niger River. Among the three ships was the Alburkah, a 55-ton paddle-wheeler designed by Laird and the first

Bulgakov, Macarius

2005-02-07T01:41:00.000-08:00

The son of a country priest, Bulgakov took the name Macarius on becoming a monk. After studying at the Ecclesiastical Academy of Kiev, he joined the faculty and taught history. Called in 1842 to the chair of theology at the Academy of St. Petersburg,

Guldberg, Cato Maximilian

2005-02-07T01:03:00.000-08:00

Guldberg was educated at the University of Christiania and taught at the royal military schools before becoming professor of mathematics at the University

Yoro

2005-02-05T21:44:00.000-08:00

City, northwestern Honduras. Situated in the highlands at an elevation of 1,837 feet (559 m), it is located near the headwaters of the Aguán River. Although its founding date is uncertain, it was first mentioned in 1684. It is now a commercial and manufacturing centre in a fertile agricultural area. Coffee, tobacco, livestock, and timber are the principal products of the region. In the

Leap Of Faith

2005-02-05T18:03:00.000-08:00

Metaphor used by the 19th-century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in his Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift (1846; Concluding Unscientific Postscript) to describe commitment to an objective uncertainty, specifically to the Christian God. For Kierkegaard, God is totally other than man; between God and man there exists a gulf that faith alone can bridge. Kierkegaard

Glazov

2005-02-05T15:34:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Glazov rayon (sector) in Udmurtiya republic, Russia. Founded in 1780 as a point of Udmurt settlement, it is on the Cheptsa River. Industrial activities include timber milling, woodworking, metal working, and food processing. Glazov has a teacher-training and an agricultural college. Pop. (1991 est.) 106,000.

World War I, The Serbian campaign, 1914

2005-02-05T06:34:00.000-08:00

The first Austrian invasion of Serbia was launched with numerical inferiority (part of one of the armies originally destined for the Balkan front having been diverted to the Eastern Front on August 18); and the able Serbian commander, Radomir Putnik, brought the invasion to an early end by his victories on the Cer Mountain (August 15–20) and at Šabac (August 21–24). In early September,

La Tour, Georges De

2005-02-04T19:34:00.000-08:00

La Tour became a master painter and eventually settled in Lunéville.

Mocha

2005-02-04T10:30:00.000-08:00

Arabic Al-mukha, also spelled Mokha, or Mukha, town, southwestern Yemen, on the Red Sea and the Tihamah (coastal plain). Yemen's most renowned historic port, it lies at the head of a shallow bay between two headlands, with an unprotected anchorage 1.5 miles (2.5 km) offshore. It was long famous as Arabia's chief coffee-exporting centre; the term mocha and variations of the word have entered European languages as a synonym for the

O'casey, Sean

2005-02-04T03:57:00.000-08:00

O'Casey was born into a lower middle-class Irish Protestant family. His father died when John was six, and thereafter the family became progressively poorer.

Welles, Gideon

2005-02-03T20:02:00.000-08:00

Born into a wealthy family, Welles was educated at private schools. He studied law but in 1826 became cofounder and editor of the Hartford Times. The next year, he became the youngest member of the Connecticut legislature and served there until 1835. An ardent

Euripides

2005-02-02T23:11:00.000-08:00

Last of classical Athens' three great tragic dramatists, following Aeschylus and Sophocles.

Gravina In Puglia

2005-02-02T07:53:00.000-08:00

Walled town, Bari provincia, Puglia (Apulia) regione, southern Italy. The town's cathedral and the castle of the Orsini family are notable local monuments, and there are numerous cave dwellings in the locality. The town also has museums of local costumes and of archaeology and pottery. Local crops are chiefly cereals; there are limestone quarries in the neighbourhood.

Chelmsford (of Chelmsford), Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount, Baron Chelmsford Of Chelmsford

2005-02-02T05:32:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of

Genet, Edmond-charles

2005-02-01T00:22:00.000-08:00

In 1781 Edmond succeeded his father, Edmé-Jacques Genet, as head of the translation department at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Cabriole

2005-01-31T11:45:00.000-08:00

Ballet jump, formerly performed only by men, in which the dancer beats the calves of the legs together in the air, with a scissors-like movement. When the beat occurs, the legs are extended at either a 45° or 90° angle to the body at the front, side, or back. The dancer may land on one foot, then bring the second foot down to fifth position—cabriole fermée (“closed cabriole”)—or may complete

DeadWhip

Laboulbeniomycetes

Anatoli, Jacob

Adams, John, Adams's writings

Side

Mondego River

Hungary, The Kádár regime

Wali Allah, Shah

Stefánsson, Davíd

Hancock, Thomas

Cyrillic Alphabet

Aguán River

Genetic Disease, Human

Quadrilateral

Wells, H(erbert) G(eorge)

Hvar

China, Foreign relations

Backbone Mountain

Sosnowiec

Cambridge

Madagascar, Settlement patterns

Blood River, Battle Of

Bruch, Max

Nahuan Languages

Philip

San Andrés Y Providencia

Mammal, Social behavior

Azare

Swazi

Wang Chen

China, The armed forces

Black Hole Of Calcutta

Shigella

Springfield, Dusty

Price, Thomas

Diffraction

Daddah, Moktar Ould

Süssmayr, Franz Xaver

Aum Shinrikyo

Dyson, Freeman (john)

Albert Of Aix

Akutagawa Ryunosuke

Cost

Socialist Party

Libraries And Museums

Esslingen

Denishawn School Of Dancing And Related Arts

Melbourne

Ovary

Plücker, Julius

Wanganui River

Leviticus

Dog, Jackals

Nova Scotia

Fairbairn, Stephen

Nicholas Of Lyra,

Ram Singh

Buzzati, Dino

Arts, Central Asian, Arctic regions

Gharbiyah, Al-

Dragonfish

Ram Singh

Gadara

Salamá

Olmedo, José Joaquín

Dendrobium

Switzerland, Precipitation

Ustaa

Nervous System Disease, Nerve injuries

Bohemond Iii

Byblos

Ramanuja

Gruen, Victor

Arval Brothers

Minbu

López Michelsen, Alfonso

Madagascar, Relief

Arecidae

Wrought Iron

Shilling Shocker

Ustaa